HTML UTF8 Special Characters

In the digital realm, effective communication often relies on the precise representation of characters and symbols. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) serves as the backbone of the web, and UTF-8 (Unicode Transformation Format-8) is the character encoding that enables the representation of a vast array of special characters from different scripts and languages. Together, HTML and UTF-8 play a crucial role in enhancing web content and facilitating global communication.

HTML reserved characters

The following special characters are reserved in HTML. That’s because these are the characters that make up the HTML language. If you use one of these characters in an article, the browser will try to interpret it as HTML. Therefore, you must use the entity name or entity number when you want to generate any of these reserved characters.

Character	HTML Entity Number	HTML Entity Name	Description
“	& # 34;	& quot;	comillas
‘	& # 39;	& apos;	apóstrofe
Y	& # 38;	&erio;	ampersand
<	& # 60;	& lt;	menos que
>	& # 62;	& gt;	mas grande que

General HTML symbols

Character	HTML Entity Number	HTML Entity Name	Description
Œ	Œ	&OElig;	capital ligature OE
œ	œ	&oelig;	small ligature oe
Š	Š	&Scaron;	capital S with caron
š	š	&scaron;	small S with caron
Ÿ	Ÿ	&Yuml;	capital Y with diaeres
ƒ	ƒ	&fnof;	f with hook
ˆ	ˆ	&circ;	modifier letter circumflex accent
˜	˜	&tilde;	small tilde
		&ensp;	en space
		&emsp;	em space
			thin space
‌	‌	&zwnj;	zero width non-joiner
‍	‍	&zwj;	zero width joiner
‎	‎	&lrm;	left-to-right mark
‏	‏	&rlm;	right-to-left mark
–	–	–	en dash
—	—	—	em dash
‘	‘	‘	left single quotation mark
’	’	’	right single quotation mark
‚	‚	&sbquo;	single low-9 quotation mark
“	“	“	left double quotation mark
”	”	”	right double quotation mark
„	„	&bdquo;	double low-9 quotation mark
†	†	&dagger;	dagger
‡	‡	&Dagger;	double dagger
•	•	•	bullet
…	…	…	horizontal ellipsis
‰	‰	&permil;	per mille
′	′	′	minutes
″	″	″	seconds
‹	‹	&lsaquo;	single left angle quotation
›	›	&rsaquo;	single right angle quotation
‾	‾	&oline;	overline
€	€	€	euro
™	™	™	trademark
←	←	←	left arrow
↑	↑	↑	up arrow
→	→	→	right arrow
↓	↓	↓	down arrow
↔	↔	↔	left right arrow
↵	↵	&crarr;	carriage return arrow
⌈	⌈	&lceil;	left ceiling
⌉	⌉	&rceil;	right ceiling
⌊	⌊	&lfloor;	left floor
⌋	⌋	&rfloor;	right floor
◊	◊	&loz;	lozenge
♠	♠	&spades;	spade
♣	♣	&clubs;	club
♥	♥	&hearts;	heart
♦	♦	&diams;	diamond

Mathematical Symbols

Symbol	HTML Entity Number	HTML Entity Name	Description
∀	∀	∀	for all
∂	∂	∂	part
∃	∃	∃	exists
∅	∅	∅	empty
∇	∇	∇	nabla
∈	∈	∈	isin
∉	∉	∉	notin
∋	∋	&ni;	ni
∏	∏	∏	prod
∑	∑	∑	sum
−	−	−	minus
∗	∗	&lowast;	lowast
√	√	√	square root
∝	∝	&prop;	proportional to
∞	∞	∞	infinity
∠	∠	&ang;	angle
∧	∧	&and;	and
∨	∨	&or;	or
∩	∩	∩	cap
∪	∪	∪	cup
∫	∫	∫	integral
∴	∴	&there4;	therefore
∼	∼	&sim;	similar to
≅	≅	&cong;	congruent to
≈	≈	≈	almost equal
≠	≠	≠	not equal
≡	≡	&equiv;	equivalent
≤	≤	≤	less or equal
≥	≥	≥	greater or equal
⊂	⊂	⊂	subset of
⊃	⊃	⊃	superset of
⊄	⊄	&nsub;	not subset of
⊆	⊆	&sube;	subset or equal
⊇	⊇	&supe;	superset or equal
⊕	⊕	&oplus;	circled plus
⊗	⊗	&otimes;	circled times
⊥	⊥	&perp;	perpendicular
⋅	⋅	⋅	dot operator

Greek characters

Greek Letter	HTML Entity Number	HTML Entity Name	Description
Α	Α	Α	Alpha
Β	Β	Β	Beta
Γ	Γ	Γ	Gamma
Δ	Δ	Δ	Delta
Ε	Ε	Ε	Epsilon
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	Zeta
Η	Η	Η	Eta
Θ	Θ	Θ	Theta
Ι	Ι	Ι	Iota
Κ	Κ	Κ	Kappa
Λ	Λ	Λ	Lambda
Μ	Μ	Μ	Mu
Ν	Ν	Ν	Nu
Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	Xi
Ο	Ο	Ο	Omicron
Π	Π	Π	Pi
Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	Rho
	undefined		Sigmaf
Σ	Σ	Σ	Sigma
Τ	Τ	Τ	Tau
Υ	Υ	Υ	Upsilon
Φ	Φ	Φ	Phi
Χ	Χ	Χ	Chi
Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	Psi
Ω	Ω	Ω	Omega
α	α	α	alpha
β	β	β	beta
γ	γ	γ	gamma
δ	δ	δ	delta
ε	ε	ε	epsilon
ζ	ζ	ζ	zeta
η	η	η	eta
θ	θ	θ	theta
ι	ι	ι	iota
κ	κ	κ	kappa
λ	λ	λ	lambda
μ	μ	μ	mu
ν	ν	ν	nu
ξ	ξ	ξ	xi
ο	ο	ο	omicron
π	π	π	pi
ρ	ρ	ρ	rho
ς	ς	&sigmaf;	sigmaf
σ	σ	σ	sigma
τ	τ	τ	tau
υ	υ	υ	upsilon
φ	φ	φ	phi
χ	χ	χ	chi
ψ	ψ	ψ	psi
ω	ω	ω	omega
ϑ	ϑ	&thetasym;	theta symbol
ϒ	ϒ	&upsih;	upsilon symbol
ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	pi symbol

ISO 8859-1 characters

Character/Glyph	HTML Entity Number	HTML Entity Name	Description
À	À	À	capital a, grave accent
Á	Á	Á	capital a, acute accent
Â	Â	Â	capital a, circumflex accent
Ã	Ã	Ã	capital a, tilde
Ä	Ä	Ä	capital a, umlaut mark
Å	Å	Å	capital a, ring
Æ	Æ	Æ	capital ae
Ç	Ç	Ç	capital c, cedilla
È	È	È	capital e, grave accent
É	É	É	capital e, acute accent
Ê	Ê	Ê	capital e, circumflex accent
Ë	Ë	Ë	capital e, umlaut mark
Ì	Ì	Ì	capital i, grave accent
Í	Í	Í	capital i, acute accent
Î	Î	Î	capital i, circumflex accent
Ï	Ï	Ï	capital i, umlaut mark
Ð	Ð	Ð	capital eth, Icelandic
Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	capital n, tilde
Ò	Ò	Ò	capital o, grave accent
Ó	Ó	Ó	capital o, acute accent
Ô	Ô	Ô	capital o, circumflex accent
Õ	Õ	Õ	capital o, tilde
Ö	Ö	Ö	capital o, umlaut mark
Ø	Ø	Ø	capital o, slash
Ù	Ù	Ù	capital u, grave accent
Ú	Ú	Ú	capital u, acute accent
Û	Û	Û	capital u, circumflex accent
Ü	Ü	Ü	capital u, umlaut mark
Ý	Ý	Ý	capital y, acute accent
Þ	Þ	Þ	capital THORN, Icelandic
ß	ß	ß	small sharp s, German
à	à	à	small a, grave accent
á	á	á	small a, acute accent
â	â	â	small a, circumflex accent
ã	ã	ã	small a, tilde
ä	ä	ä	small a, umlaut mark
å	å	å	small a, ring
æ	æ	æ	small ae
ç	ç	ç	small c, cedilla
è	è	è	small e, grave accent
é	é	é	small e, acute accent
ê	ê	ê	small e, circumflex accent
ë	ë	ë	small e, umlaut mark
ì	ì	ì	small i, grave accent
í	í	í	small i, acute accent
î	î	î	small i, circumflex accent
ï	ï	ï	small i, umlaut mark
ð	ð	ð	small eth, Icelandic
ñ	ñ	ñ	small n, tilde
ò	ò	ò	small o, grave accent
ó	ó	ó	small o, acute accent
ô	ô	ô	small o, circumflex accent
õ	õ	õ	small o, tilde
ö	ö	ö	small o, umlaut mark
ø	ø	ø	small o, slash
ù	ù	ù	small u, grave accent
ú	ú	ú	small u, acute accent
û	û	û	small u, circumflex accent
ü	ü	ü	small u, umlaut mark
ý	ý	ý	small y, acute accent
þ	þ	þ	small thorn, Icelandic
ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	small y, umlaut mark